The Effectiveness of Alcohol Marketing, Regulation and How It Is Can Protect the Consumer from Fake Products

Introduction This paper discusses the effectiveness of alcohol marketing regulation, and how it can protect the consumer from fake products. This topic draws inspiration from recent events. A twenty one year old student, almost went blind due to the consumption of fake vodka.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effectiveness of Alcohol Marketing, Regulation and How It Is Can Protect the Consumer from Fake Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The vodka consumed was sold to him at a club. This essay seeks to establish how such cases, can be prevented through regulations. To accomplish this, product quality control regulations and marketing regulations must be discussed. The cause of the event is market failure, caused by poor dissemination of information. The popular way of disseminating information to the market is through marketing (Collins et al 2004). Discussion The other instance during which the governme nt may engage regulation, is when the goods produced to cater for the lower income earning market segment, are of questionable quality. The quality of health care, for example, should not differ depending on one’s financial capability. The foodstuffs and any consumable products, must be of satisfactory quality to prevent the outbreak of diseases and epidemics among the citizens. In this case, the government has the duty to ensure that its citizens get quality products by setting benchmarks on the quality of products sold in the market place. These regulations affect the market forces by placing restrictions on the price (Estevao 2005). Generally, the quality of goods and services is directly related to the price. An increase in the quality of a product or service, increases the cost of production. The producer then passes the incremental costs to the consumer, in order to make a profit. Consequently, the quality of a product increases commensurate to the price set on the prod uct. There are specific authorities in each country, in charge of setting the quality standards for the products at the market place, as well as ensuring that the restrictions set by the government are obeyed.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The institution has the mandate to inspect places of work, and production factories, carry out surveys of goods in the market, test and approve the products in the market, and to persecute those found to be in breach of the set regulations (U.S Preventive Services Task Force 2005; Gunther 1980). On a macro-economic level, restrictions affect production of goods and services by existing producing companies. The regulations go deeper to affect the rate of growth in productivity, by affecting the motivation for innovation, consequently interfering with the rate at which new goods and services replace the old (Kaplan 1980). The market failur e due to poor dissemination of information, is clearly evident in the case study. A young student went out to have fun in a club. At the age of twenty one, the student is beyond the legal age limit for alcohol consumers. This means that, this was not the first time drinking, and the student had a favorite brand of vodka. Therefore, there are the following assumptions drawn up from this case: The bar tender may not have been aware that the vodka was fake. The bar tender and student were not aware that there were fake vodka products in the market. The quality control authority was aware but did not disseminate the information. The quality control authority was not aware and did not conduct their regular inspections. According to the story, the fake vodka was in a Smirnoff bottle, and earlier that day, the quality inspector checked the inventory on the counter and found that it was all genuine. The unsuspecting student purchased the vodka and took a third of it. She remained in bed f or a period of two days. The quality regulator cannot say that he had no news of the counterfeit vodka. The story further explains that Sarah’s case was not the first that the hospital casualty section had treated. These events cast doubt on the accountability of the quality control regulator and calls for the development of a marketing regulator. The case was well investigated and the bar tender was charged a fine (Jarvis 1992; Howells Weatherill 2005). Based on the above assumptions, one cannot ignore the importance of having a strong and active regulator. The regulating body must have five qualities for it to work well. The first is that it must have the backing from a legislative authority.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effectiveness of Alcohol Marketing, Regulation and How It Is Can Protect the Consumer from Fake Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that the regulator should ha ve support from organizations that have legislative authority. The authority is formed through an act of parliament. In this case, the vodka incident ought to unify the people so that they develop the marketing regulator and the quality regulator, through an act of parliament. However, if these regulators exist, they ought to have an audit done, in order to establish whether they are performing their legislative mandate. In this case, it is likely that the regulator failed to fulfill its legislative mandate. It is thus not in a position to request for public support. The regulator has statutes that limit their powers to exercise judgment and produce solutions The accountability of the regulators must be proficient. However, the regulators are under the act of parliament, and in most cases, they have been found unaccountable. This is because the regulator is accountable to the parliamentarians, who are the same people who control it. If indeed there was a regulator well aware of the fake vodka, it is possible that they hid the information intentionally, so as to protect the interests of a member of the democratic institutions that control it. The value of accountability is remarkably clear (Wasik 1995). The due process receives public merit, when it is transparent, fair, open to all, and easily accessible. In the development of a marketing regulator, the public must ensure that the due process followed has the traits above (Wolfe Laurie 2004). Regulators require expert advice and knowledge before passing a verdict. A balanced decision based on sound knowledge of the situations, will aid in evaluating the best course of action. The case at hand, requires research into the contents of the drink and the possible effects of consuming the fake vodka. The regulator also requires marketing experts, who develop the best methods of informing the public about the difference between the original vodka and the fake vodka.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The quality regulator could require services of expert investigators, who will track down the manufacturers of this counterfeit vodka and other products in the market. The regulator must use the fewest resources possible to achieve the best results. The efficiency of the regulator to perform, is directly related to factors such as the legislative mandate and accountability (Schiantarelli 2005). There is a variety of regulations to choose from, and the first one is self-regulation. This happens when individuals or organizations, which have a common interest, come together to form a body, which is charged with a mandate to control the members. This is witnessed among professional bodies and sports associations. An outstanding example is FIFA. Self-regulation overcomes various challenges encountered in governmental regulation. The regulator enjoys more autonomy and has clear accountability about how it works. The regulator does not hold any immunity to consequences, resulting from not performing its legislative mandate. Self-regulators have a vast pool of experts in their area of relevance. This does well in the performance of its mandate. The participating bodies may agree that each, shall provide experts to work in the regulator, hence securing professionalism. The effect of all the afore mentioned positive aspects of self-regulators, is better than that of the government regulator. In the case at hand, the club owners and bar owners can team up with the alcohol distributors, to form a self-regulator. The purpose of the regulator will involve the regulation of alcohol quality in the clubs and bars. The regulator will be accountable to the participating parties, since it’s there to protect their interests. The organization has a pool of experts to select regulators. This makes the body exceptionally competent and efficient in performing its duty. The efficiency of the regulator will obviously depend on various factors. The main one is the legislative mand ate. The proper mandate gives the regulator power to perform its duties. The aggrieved parties in the case study have another option. They may choose to form enforced self-regulation or Meta regulation. Enforced regulation, involves the subcontracting of the regulator duties to organizations that already have a regulator. The subcontracted duties include making the rules, punishment and correction of those in breach, and keeping watch on compliance. This type of arrangement would do well for the community. The members of the society can join to form a regulator. The main purpose of this regulator is to regularly check on the quality of the consumer products in the market. The duties that the regulator can subcontract include punishing those in breach and research and testing services. This form of regulation by the community is instrumental in preventing the occurrence of adverse incidents. Even though the community regulator is established, the government regulator, despite the sho rtcomings, is still helpful to its citizens. To achieve the best possible results from regulators, organizations must concoct a delicate mix of the institutions and the tools used in regulation. The organizations should identify their tools and then organize them in order of importance or urgency for use. This is called sequencing of instruments. The extraction of the instruments for application ranges from the least effective to the most effective depending on the difficulty of a situation. Complex forms of regulators come up from time to time. There are no rules that prevent the combination of several regulators to create an effect called a network. In fact, the regulatory body for the bars and clubs association, can combine with the community regulator. The two bodies have similar interests and can consequently easily merge into a network. The benefit of this form of the union is evident in the efficiency with which regulation is done. The organizations together, cover a wide ran ge of issues, particularly, market controls and the quality control, for ensuring accountability to the organizations that formed it. In some cases, the self-regulators join hands with the government regulators (Previts 2007; Sherman 2008). The regulators have various qualities. Good market regulation has the following criteria: Backing and support from a legislative body. Good accountability framework. Open, fair and accessible procedures of operation. Experts and professional regulators. Importance and purpose for the regulation. The above criteria, are paramount in setting the benchmarks for a relevant and functional regulator. The regulator must have a means of measuring the quality of regulation, and producing regulatory improvement strategies, bodies and tools (Barrett Herbert 1994). Conclusion The forces of demand and supply, play a vital role in shaping the operations of the market place. The demand for a commodity, determines the eventual production, facilitating pricing choice by the market, and ultimately, passing a strong verdict on the longevity of the products’ demand in the market. In the course of all these, comes competition between the suppliers, who are producing the same product or a substitute for these products. The competition, affected by market forces of demand and supply, go on to lead to the formation many market structures. The manner, in which competitors fight for the clients, ranges from a monopolistic market to an oligopoly. In most cases, the market forces balance out, to the favor of the competitors and suppliers. However, the poor people, end up lacking the ability to obtain these products. The basic needs, such as clean drinking water, food and education, become a preserve of those who have money in society. The country has a solemn duty to protect its members and to ensure that the basic human rights are maintained in accordance to the country’s constitution. When basic amenities are not affordable to a vas t majority in society, the nation is failing to carry out its duty. The leaders, who were selected by the same people who are now suffering, have to intervene. Similarly, competition amongst individuals in the market in which demand and supply work to set the prices of commodities, can lead to the production of cheaper commodities that can be afforded by the majority of low income earning class of society. The bone of contention here, is that the product is the quality of the cheap product. Often, when the market is allowed to run normally, moments happen when the demand outstrips the supply. As a result, the price of commodities in question increases commensurately. The effect of this, is that a big portion of clients, get locked out because they cannot afford to buy this product or service. The products that are often highly demanded by the clients are basic amenities such as food, shelter, clean water, electricity, transport, education, and legal services. Due to the nature of so ciety, a growing population causes increased demand for these products. In the process, they become increasingly expensive. This often causes a large part of the population to miss these vital goods and services. At this point, it is crucial for the government to set some rules governing the market dynamics that concern such products. The government can do this in several ways. However, the most effective is when the producers are not coerced into reducing the prices, but when both the government and the producers are in understanding about the need to set regulations, on the prices of the goods they produce. In many cases, this is by the provision of tax cuts and subsidies to the producers, in a bid to have them reduce prices. Otherwise, the economy suffers from market failure. However, the main reason for many regulations is market failures. There are various rationales behind the reason for market failure. The first one is the monopolies and natural monopolies. The situation in w hich only one producer is producing a specific commodity in the market due to the following factors: The commodity in the market is unique, causing it to lack a substitute commodity. Only one seller is supplying the commodity in the market. There exist barriers to prevent new entrants into the industry, and those in it, already have difficulties getting out. Monopoly causes market failure due to the lack of proper competition. As a result, the public suffer because the industry player can choose to maximize profits at the drop of the hat. The company with monopoly has the ability to control supply and demand forces in the market. When the company chooses to reduce production and raise the price of commodities, income shifts from the consumer to the producer. The solution to this is creation of competition laws, which balance out and control the market by introducing competitors. This solution is especially effective, in resolving natural monopoly. The situation in which the produc tion of a commodity is by one main company, due to the cheap cost of production, is referred to as economies of scale. The establishment of competition law on its own is not enough, and could cause problems in the quality of output. There is thus need to combine this with price and quality control regulations. The regulators set the price of the commodity around the incremental cost to encourage the monopolizing producer to increase production to a certain predetermined level. In effect this mimics the effect of having another competitor in the market. The other market failure is windfall profits. This situation allows a producer to encounter minimal costs through discovering a cheap supply of raw material, or a less costly production process. The other market payers do not have the same advantage and in the process, one producer ends up making more profits that all the others. Regulation takes place when the sudden escalations in profits require to distribution so that the public a lso benefits through taxation. The third market failure is externalities. This occurs when the price of producing a product does not take into account the effects on the society by producing that commodity. This leads to too much consumption. These regulations especially seek to regulate pollution caused by large manufacturing companies. The regulations encourage the producers to factor in the cost of cleaning up pollution caused by them, into the selling price of the commodity. A principle called â€Å"polluter pays†. Information inadequacies are market failures cased when the consumers lack crucial information leading to malfunction of markets. The dissemination of information is especially valuable for the production of food products and medicines. The consumer must remain informed about the side effects of ingesting the product. Companies abscond to do this due to various factors, key being that the cost of researching into the side effects is high. Other market failures include; continuity and availability of service, anti-competitive behavior and predatory pricing, public goods and moral hazard, unequal bargaining power, scarcity and rationing, rationalization and coordination, and poor market planning. References Barrett, S Herbert, V 1994, The Vitamin Pushers: How the â€Å"Health Food† Industry Is  Selling America a Bill of Good, Prometheus Books, New York. Collins, S et al 2004, ‘Wages, health benefits, and workers’ health,’ Commonwealth  Fund Issue Brief, 6 (7), pp. 3-4. Estevao, M 2005, OECD Economic Surveys, OECD Publishers, Luxembourg. Gunther, M 1980, â€Å"Quackery and the media,† In S. Barrett (Ed.), The Health Robbers: How To Protect Your Money and Your Life, George F Stickley Co, Philadelphia. Howells, G G Weatherill, S 2005, Consumer Protection Law, Ashgate Publishing, Farnham. Jarvis, W 1992, ‘Quackery: A national scandal,’ Clinical Chemistry, 38, pp. 1574–1586. Kaplan, N 1 980, ‘Consumer health: The times they are a-changing,’ Health Education,  11(6), p. 3. Previts, G 2007, Research Accounting Regulation, University of Miami, Florida. Schiantarelli, F 2005, Product Market Regulation and Macro-economic Performance, World Bank, Development Research Group, New York. Sherman, R 2008, Market Regulation, Pearson Adson Wesly, New York. U.S Preventive Services Task Force 2005, Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, New York. Wasik, J 1995, ‘Fraud in the funeral industry,’ Consumers Digest 34 (5), 53–59. Wolfe, S Laurie, P 2004, â€Å"Ranking of state medical board serious disciplinary actions in 2002,† HRG, 4(2), pp. 3-4. This essay on The Effectiveness of Alcohol Marketing, Regulation and How It Is Can Protect the Consumer from Fake Products was written and submitted by user Centenn1al to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Components used in (ADSTM) system Term (Port Impedance for S-parameters): Parameters: Name Description Units Default Num Port number Integer 1 Z Reference impedance, use 1+j*0 for complex Ohm 50 Noise Enable/disable port thermal noise: yes, no (for AC or harmonic balance analysis only; not for S-parameter analysis) None yes V(DC) Open circuit DC voltage None None Temp Temperature oC None Table1: Parameters of Term Note: ‘Term can be used in all simulations. For S-parameter simulations it is used to define the impedance and location of the ports. When not in use, it is treated as an impedance with the value R + JX. The reactance is ignored for dc simulations. MLOC (Micro strip Open-Circuited Stub): MLOC symbol MLOC Illustration Parameters: Name Description Units Default Subst Substrate instance name None MSub1 W Line width mil 25.0 L Line length mil 100.0 Wall1 Distance from near edge of strip H to first sidewall; Wall1 > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum( W, H) mil 1.0e+30 Wall2 Distance from near edge of strip H to second sidewall; Wall2 > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum( W, H) mil 1.0e+30 Temp Physical temperature (see Notes)  °C None Mod Choice of dispersion model None Kirschning Table 2: Parameters of MLOC Range of Usage: 1≠¤Er ≠¤128 ; 0.01 ≠¤ ≠¤ 100 Where, Er = dielectric constant (from associated Subst) H = substrate thickness (from associated Subst) Recommended Range for different dispersion models Kirschning and Jansen: 1≠¤Er ≠¤20; 0.1Ãâ€"H≠¤W ≠¤100Ãâ€"H Kobayashi: 1 ≠¤Er ≠¤128; 0.1Ãâ€"H ≠¤ W ≠¤10Ãâ€"H; 0 ≠¤H≠¤0.13Ãâ€"ÃŽ » Yamashita: 2 ≠¤Er ≠¤16; 0.05Ãâ€"H ≠¤W ≠¤16Ãâ€"H Where, ÃŽ »= wavelength; freq ≠¤ 100 GHz Notes and Equations : 1. 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When the Hu parameter of the substrate is less than 100Ãâ€"H, the enclosure effect will not be properly calculated if Wall1 and Wall2 are left blank. 8. Wall1 and Wall2 must satisfy the following constraints: Min(Wall1) > 1/2Ãâ€"Maximum(W, H) Min(Wall2) > 1/2Ãâ€"Maximum(W, H) MLIN (Micro strip Line): MLIN symbol MLIN Illustration Parameters: Name Description Units Default Subst Substrate instance name None MSub1 W Line width mil 25.0 L Line length mil 100.0 Wall1 Distance from near edge of strip H to first sidewall; Wall1 > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum( W, H) mil 1.0e+30 Wall2 Distance from near edge of strip H to second sidewall; Wall2 > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum( W, H) mil 1.0e+30 Temp Physical temperature (see Notes)  °C None Mod Choice of dispersion model None Kirschning Table 3: Parameters of MLIN Range of Usage: 1 ≠¤ ER ≠¤ 128; 0.01 ≠¤ ≠¤ 100 Where, ER = dielectric constant (from associated Subst) H = substrate thickness (from associated Subst) Recommended Range for different dispersion models Kirschning and Jansen: 1 ≠¤ Er ≠¤ 20; 0.1 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W ≠¤ 100 Ãâ€" H Kobayashi: 1 ≠¤ Er ≠¤ 128; 0.1 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W ≠¤ 10 Ãâ€" H; 0 ≠¤ H ≠¤ 0.13 Ãâ€" ÃŽ » Yamashita: 2 ≠¤ Er ≠¤ 16; 0.05 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W ≠¤ 16 Ãâ€" H Where ÃŽ »= wavelength; freq ≠¤ 100 GHz Notes and Equations: 1. The frequency-domain analytical model uses the Hammerstad and Jensen formula to calculate the static impedance, Zo, and effective dielectric constant, Εeff. The attenuation factor, ÃŽ ±, is calculated using the incremental inductance rule by Wheeler. The frequency dependence of the skin effect is included in the conductor loss calculation. Dielectric loss is also included in the loss calculation. 2. Dispersion effects are included using either the improved version of the Kirschning and Jansen model, the Kobayashi model, or the Yamashita model, depending on the choice specified in Mod. The program defaults to using the Kirschning and Jansen formula. 3. For time-domain analysis, an impulse response obtained from the frequency analytical model is used. 4. The Temp parameter is only used in noise calculations. 5. For noise to be generated, the transmission line must be lossy (loss generates thermal noise). 6. To turn off noise contribution, set Temp to −273.15 °C. 7. When the Hu parameter of the substrate is less than 100 Ãâ€" H, the enclosure effect will not be properly calculated if Wall1 and Wall2 are left blank. 8. Wall1 and Wall2 must satisfy the following constraints: Min(Wall1) > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum(W, H) Min(Wall2) > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum(W, H) MTEE (Microstrip T-Junction): MTEE symbol MTEE Illustration Parameters: Name Description Units Subst Microstrip substrate name None W1 Conductor width at pin 1 Mil W2 Conductor width at pin 2 Mil W3 Conductor width at pin 3 Mil Temp Physical temperature  °C Table 4: Parameters of MTEE Range of Usage: 0.05 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W1 ≠¤ 10 Ãâ€" H; 0.05 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W2 ≠¤ 10 Ãâ€" H; 0.05 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W3 ≠¤ 10 Ãâ€" H Er ≠¤ 20 Wlargest/Wsmallest≠¤ 5 where Wlargest, Wsmallest are the largest, smallest width among W2, W2, W3 f(GHz) Ãâ€" H (mm) ≠¤ 0.4 Ãâ€" Z0 Z0 is the characteristic impedance of the line with Wlargest Notes and Equations: 1. The frequency-domain model is an empirically based, analytical model. The model modifies E. Hammerstad model formula to calculate the Tee junction discontinuity at the location defined in the reference for wide range validity. A reference plan shift is added to each of the ports to make the reference planes consistent with the layout. 2. The center lines of the strips connected to pins 1 and 2 are assumed to be aligned. 3. For time-domain analysis, an impulse response obtained from the frequency-domain analytical model is used. 4. The Temp parameter is only used in noise calculations. 5. For noise to be generated, the transmission line must be lossy (loss generates thermal noise). Single-stub notch filter: In Radio Communication Systems, undesired harmonics are generated. A micro strip notch filters undesired harmonics in a narrow band device like a mobile phone. A Notch filter is a device that passes all frequencies except those in a stop band centred on a centre frequency. The quality factor plays a major role in eliminating the frequencies undesired. Quality factor (Q) of a band pass or notch filter is defined as the centre frequency of a filter divided by the bandwidth. Where, bandwidth is the difference between frequency of the upper 3dB roll off point and frequency of the lower 3dB roll off point. TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY: place to another for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic waves or acoustic waves, as well as electric power transmission. Components of transmission lines include wires, coaxial cables, dielectric slabs, optical fibres, electric power lines, and waveguides. Consider the micro strip layout of a notch filter, In the designing of the micro-strip circuits (i.e. filters), the basic parameters are impedance Z0 and guide wavelength ÃŽ »g which are considered as TEM transmission line. The impedance in the open circuit stub Zin is as given below, Zin = ZS} Where ZL=∞, so we ignore ZS Zin = ZS} = ZS { } = ZS { } = j ZS cot ÃŽ ² l However, l = , ÃŽ ² l = = Therefore, cot ÃŽ ² l=0 So, Zin = -j ZS cot ÃŽ ² l=0 hence â”Å'L = = ∞/∞ = 1 so VSWR = = 2/0 = This indicates that the signal whose wavelength is will have very low impedance and hence it is a short circuit Thus Insertion loss response at frequency f0 is high except for other frequencies, this is because cot ÃŽ ² l is no longer zero. Insertion loss and return loss are two important data to evaluate the quality of many passive fiber optic components, such as fiber optic patch cord and fiber optic connector and many more. Insertion loss: Definition The Insertion Loss of a line is the ratio of the power received at the end of the line to the power transmitted into the line. Insertion loss refers to the fibre optic light loss caused when a fibre optic component insert into another one to form the fibre optic link. Insertion loss can result from absorption, misalignment or air gap between the fibre optic components. We want the insertion loss to be as less as possible. Our fibre optic components insertion loss is less than 0.2dB typical, less than 0.1dB types available on request. An expression for insertion loss is IL= 10log10 [1 +(YS/2)2] Return loss: Return Loss is a measure of the reflected energy from a transmitted signal. It is commonly expressed in positive dBs. The larger the value, the less energy that is reflected. Return loss can be calculated using the following equation: IMPRLT10.gif (1294 bytes) Return loss is a measure of VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), expressed in decibels (db). The return-loss is caused due to impedance mismatch between two or more circuits. For a simple cable assembly, there will be a mismatch where the connector is connected to the cable. There may be an impedance mismatch caused by bends or cuts in a cable. At microwave frequencies, the material properties as well as the dimensions of the cable or connector plays important role in determining the impedance match or mismatch. A high value of return-loss denotes better quality of the system under test (or device under test). For example, a cable with a return loss of 21 db is better than another similar cable with a return loss of 14 db, and so on. Phase Response of the notch filter: The phase response of a notch filter shows the greatest rate of change at the centre frequency. The rate of change becomes more rapid as the Q of the filter increases. The group delay of a notch filter is greatest at the centre frequency, and becomes longer as the Q of the filter increases. EXPERIMENT SUB PARTS CASE-STUDY PART 1: Aim: Designing and simulation of a notch filter at 3 GHz using Agilents ADSTM for the given design specifications. Requirement: Electrical performance: Centre frequency: 3.0 GHz Insertion loss: >25.0 dB Input/output Impedance: 50 ÃŽ © Substrate specifications: Material type: 3M Cu-clad Dielectric constant (ÃŽ µr): 2.17 Thickness (h): 0.794mm Conductor thickness (t): 35um Conductivity (ÏÆ'): 5.84e+7 S/m tanÃŽ ´: 0.0009 MLIN, MLOC and MTEE are micro strip elements defined in ADSTM which is used to construct the circuit Explanation: We need to simulate and design a notch filter at 3 GHz here, using Agilents ADS. When the above specifications are used in ADS, the width of the microstrip lines is obtained as 2.42mm corresponding to 50 ohms transmission line using Line calc function. The Line Calc function is also used to determine the effective dielectric constant (Keff) of 3M Cu-clad Substrate at 3.0GHZ from which the initial, length of the open circuit stub can be calculated. ÃŽ µr = 2.1 Keff = 1.854 at 3.0GHZ (from line calc) , ÃŽ »0 = 100 m (at 3.0 GHZ) ÃŽ »g = ÃŽ »0 /(Keff)1/2 = 100/(1.854)1/2 =73.44mm; ÃŽ »g/4 =18.36 mm The initial design length of the open circuit stub is 18.354 mm. Thus we obtain the following substrate specifications at Centre frequency: 3.0 GHz, Insertion loss: greater than 25.0 dB and Input/output Impedance: Material type: 3M Cu-Clad, Dielectric constant (ÃŽ µr): 2.17, Thickness (h): 0.794m, Conductor thickness (t): 35um, Conductivity (ÏÆ'): 5.84e+7 S/m, taná ¶ ¿=0.0009, l = 18.36mm W(Width of the micro strip lines)=2.42mm From these specifications we obtain the plot of Insertion Loss Response(S21) indicating about 49.234 dB attenuation near 3 GHz which is shown in 8 To observe the effect of varying the length of the open circuit stub , the same procedure of simulation is repeated twice or thrice with different values of length of open circuit stub given as follows L1=20, L2=18.34, L3=16.As we can see in the 9 that as the length of open stub increases the frequency decreases. As the length of open stub must be ÃŽ »g/4 and so the 50ÃŽ © micro strip line is blocked and hence the signal is passed and if there is change in the length then the micro strip is not blocked hence the signal is blocked. Analysis of the case study 1: From the case study1, it proves that at wavelength ÃŽ »g/4 the open circuit at point S of the stub is transformed to short circuit and the signals passing along AB micro strip is blocked. Thus we design a filter at 3 GHz frequency. When the wavelength is ÃŽ »g/4 the signal will see very low impedance to ground at point S and hence is short circuited. This signal will be absorbed from the signals applied at input A, which will manifest high attenuation in its insertion loss at 3GHz.All other signals remain unaffected, hence low insertion loss accept near 3GHz. CASE-STUDY PART 2: Aim: Using the ADSTM Tuning facility, investigate the effect of varying the width of the stub filter. Determine the width of line which provides minimum out of band loss whilst maintaining the original filter specifications (i.e.>25 db at 3.0 GHz) Requirement: Electrical performance: Centre frequency: 3.0 GHz Insertion loss: >25.0 dB Input/output Impedance: 50 ÃŽ © Substrate specifications: Material type: 3M Cu-clad Dielectric constant (ÃŽ µr): 2.17 Thickness (h): 0.794mm Conductor thickness (t): 35um Conductivity (ÏÆ'): 5.84e+7 S/m tanÃŽ ´: 0.0009 CS2 10: Circuit Diagram of Stub Notch filter obtained by ADS Simulation Explanation: When the width of the stub is 5mm and length is 18.8mm the response obtained is as shown below Now we vary the width of the stub to investigate the effect. . In this process the width of the stub filter is changed at different values from w1=5mm, w2=2.5mm, w3=2mm, w4=1mm, w5=0.2mm as shown in 12. Here we also note that when varying the width of line, both the width of the stub line and corresponding width on the MTEE section must is varied. After varying the width using tuning fork function of the ADS facility we obtain a response at 3GHz and width is noted as 0.2mm.The 13 shows the following. Analysis of case study 2: The width of the line determines its impedance. If the impedance is high thinner the line and viceversa.When the width of the i/o transmission line is equivalent to the width of the stub then Insertion loss is at 0Db and when width of the i/o transmission line is greater than the width of the stub then Insertion loss tends to 0Db. In the above case thus we vary the width of the stub and transmission line and when centre frequency is 3 GHz and the width is 0.2mm the insertion loss is very low. Lower the insertion loss more is the signal transmitted. CASE- STUDY PART 3: Aim To design a notch filter at centre frequency of 4.5GHZ and it should cancel the spurious signal and unwanted harmonics by at least 24db with minimum out of band loss with the specifications given below Requirement: Electrical specifications: Centre frequency: 4.5 GHz Insertion loss: >25.0 dB Input/output Impedance: 50 ÃŽ © Substrate specifications: Material type: 3M Cu-clad Dielectric constant (ÃŽ µr): 2.17 Thickness (h): 0.794mm Conductor thickness (t): 35um Conductivity (ÏÆ'): 5.84e+7 S/m tanÃŽ ´: 0.0009 Explanation: In the responses shown below we have obtained the 24 dB difference by adjusting the frequency at 4.5 GHz. In CS3 14 the length and width are adjusted to obtain the particular response Analysis of case study 3: In case study 3 we understand the way of designing a notch filter to cancel the spurious signals generated by wireless communication systems. CONCLUSION: This case study helps us analyse the notch filter. The notch filter is designed and its basics and working are understood. The tool ADS proves very effective in this learning. To conclude, this experiment gives us a broader knowledge about transmission theory. The concept is deeply understood. In wireless communications the unwanted harmonics and spurious signals generated are cancelled by this notch filter enabling a better reception. Thus designing of such a notch filter is learnt.

Meghans rough draft Essay -- Essays Papers

Meghan's rough draft For the past fifty years or so, Americans have had the great fortune of living safely in a relatively peaceful world. That perspective changed the moment a commercial airplane slammed into the World Trade Center on the morning of September 11th. Terrorists killed over 6,000 American citizens within a few hours. Suddenly, life as America knew it changed. Many stood in disbelief when they saw the joyous reactions of people cheering on the streets of Palestine. Our nation came to realize that we were truly hated, and that terrorist regimes rejoiced in our pain. The leader of one such a regime, Osama bin Laden, became America's clearly defined worst enemy. A war has begun between bin Laden and his terrorist followers, and all people who believe in freedom. Osama Bin Laden and the terrorists were unjustified in attacking America, and cannot rationally legitimize their actions. Evidence of this, as well as a better understanding of their reasoning, can be found through examination of Presi dent Bush's speech to the nation given on September 20th, and through examining additional information on Osama and his terrorist followers. It was the heavy influence of Islamic extremism at an early age, as well as his personal experiences fighting jihad, or holy war, that prompted Osama bin Laden to become a terrorist. During his speech, President Bush identified a terrorist regime named Al Qaeda as being responsible for the attacks, and said "a person named Osama bin Laden " (Bush, par. 16) was the leader of the group. Osama bin Laden was born in 1957 as one of fifty-some children sired by his father Mohammed Awad bin Laden. Due to his father's royal connections and construction business, his family had quite a bit of m... .... 2001. <http://www.msnbc.com/news/639057.asp> Zakaria, Fareed. "Islam and the West." Online posting. 12 Oct. 2001. Newsweek Live Talk. 15 Oct. 2001. <http://www.msnbc.com/m/nw/talk/talk.asp?lt=101201_islam> Miller, John. "Greetings, America. My Name Is Osama Bin Laden" Esquire. 1 Feb. 1999. Frontline. 2001. 15 Oct. 2001. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/miller.html> Doe, John. "A Biography of Osama bin Laden." Frontline. 15 Oct. 2001. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/bio.html> Doe, John. "Osama Bin Laden vs. the U.S.: Edicts and Statements." Frontline. 15 Oct. <2001. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/edicts.html> Bush, George. "President Bush's Speech to the Nation September 20, 2001." 20 Sept. <2001. http://www.u.arizona.edu/~wendres/docs/bush_sept20.html>

Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay

Domestic violence is a devastating social problem that impacts every segment of the population. While system responses are primarily targeted toward adult victims of abuse, increased attention is now being focused on the children who witness domestic violence. Studies estimate that 10 to 20 percent of children are at risk for exposure to domestic violence (Carlson, 2000). These findings translate into approximately 3.3 to 10 million children who witness the abuse of a parent or adult caregiver each year (Carlson, 1984; Straus and Gelles, 1990). Research also indicates children exposed to domestic violence are at an increased risk of being abused or neglected. A majority of studies reveal there are adult and child victims in 30 to 60 percent of families experiencing domestic violence (Appel and Holden, 1998; Edleson, 1999; Jaffe and Wolfe, 1990). The main focus of the study is to look at the impacts of domestic violence on the upbringing and well-fare of children who find themselves in homes and families were domestic violence is predominant taking into consideration that children in homes where domestic violence occurs may â€Å"indirectly† receive injuries. They may be hurt when household items are thrown or weapons are used. Infants may be injured if being held by the mother when the batterer strikes out; also, many children in homes where domestic violence occurs have difficulties in school, including problems with concentration, poor academic performance, difficulty with peer interactions, and more absences from school. More so, children may become withdrawn, non-verbal, and exhibit regressed behaviors such as clinging and whining. Eating and sleeping difficulty, concentration problems, generalized anxiety, and physical complaints (such as headaches) are all common. Finally, through violence in the home, children may suffer emotional and psychological damage. The very young may show physical signs of distress such as bedwetting, stomach-aches and disturbed sleep. Older children can become withdrawn or exhibit extreme behaviour, such as misusing alcohol or drugs. Therefore, the type of research to be used for the above topic will be the â€Å"descriptive and analytical research† this is because one has to only describe what is has happened or is happening concerning a particular situation and with regards to analytical research, the methods of research utilized in descriptive research are survey methods of all kinds, including comparative and correlational methods. In analytical research, on the other hand, the researcher has to use facts or information already available, and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material. The research seeks to know if there is a direct impact on children’s well-being as a result of domestic violence from their parents, guardians and other family relatives. Specific objectives †¢ To know the behavioral, social, and emotional problems faced by children who find themselves in homes were domestic violence is recurrent. †¢ to know the value parents attach to the psychological well-being of their children †¢ To examine platforms to sensitize and educate parents and guardians on the need to avoid acts of domestic violence in the presence of their children. Parents are the most important social agents on children’s upbringing, care and control. They are directly involved with their well-being as well as the sound state of mind at all times. Domestic violence therefore affects children. All children are affected emotionally by witnessing violence. Children who witness regular acts of domestic violence have greater emotional and behavioral problems than other children. Some of the immediate effects may include nightmares, anxiety, withdrawal and bedwetting. (Aron, L. Y. and Olson, K. K. 1997) Believe the historical inequality of women and gender socialization of females and males contribute to the root causes of domestic violence. Until the 1970’s, women who were raped or suffered violence in their homes had no formal place to go for help or support. Shelters and services for victims of domestic violence did not exist and there was little, if any, response from criminal or civil courts, law enforcement, hospitals, and social service agencies. Society and its formal institutions viewed domestic violence as a â€Å"private matter.† In Cameroon it is estimated that more than three women a day are murdered by their husbands or boyfriends and women experience two million injuries from intimate partner violence each year. Many of these women are mothers who often go to great and courageous lengths to protect their children from abusive partners. In fact, research has shown that the non-abusing parent is often the strongest protective factor in the lives of children who are exposed to domestic violence. However, growing up in a violent home may be a terrifying and traumatic experience that can affect every aspect of a child’s life, growth and development. In spite of this, we know that when properly identified and addressed, the effects of domestic violence on children can be mitigated. (Henriette Ekwe Ebongo 2011) Studies have shown that more than 700 children live in families in which partner violence occurred at least once in the past year, and 500 children live in families in which severe partner violence occurred. It is also estimated that; for every hour, as many as 115 children are abused, 90% of children from violent homes witness their fathers beating their mothers, 63% of all boys, age 11-20, who commit murder, kill the man who was abusing their mother, Daughters of abused women are six times more likely to be sexually abused as girls from non-abusive families, Child victims of severe violence have two to four times higher rates of trouble-making friends, temper tantrums, failing grades in school, having problems in school and at home and finally, Children in homes where violence occurs are physically abused or neglected at. a rate 1500% Children’s risk levels and reactions to domestic violence exist on a continuum where some children demonstrate enormous resiliency while others show signs of significant maladaptive adjustment (Carlson, 2000; Edleson, 1999; Hughes, Graham-Bermann & Gruber, 2001). Protective factors, such as social competence, intelligence, high self-esteem, outgoing temperament, strong sibling and peer relationships, and a supportive relationship with an adult, can help protect children from the adverse affects of exposure to domestic violence. Many theories have existed over time to attempt to grasp the reasons for domestic violence in human society. This analysis of violence ranges from the macro level (wars, government, repression, etc) to acts between the couple and the individual. Such efforts to define violence, particularly partner violence which integrates complex interrelations of gender and sexuality need to be investigated within the context of their respective societies. Here are two examples of theories that have been used to explain the effects of domestic violence. 1. Feminist Theory There are many different ideas within feminist theory of domestic violence, but in Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse they have identified four common strains. These are:- 1 that as the dominant class, men have differential access to material and symbolic resources and women are devalued as secondary and inferior 2 intimate partner abuse is a predictable and common dimension of normal family life 3 women’s experiences are often defined as inferior because male domination influences all aspects of life 4 the feminist perspective is dedicated to advocacy for women. 2. Traumatic Bonding Theory: This theory seeks to explain why women remain with men who beat them. Two features have been recognized: the existence of a power imbalance within the relationship, so that the batterer perceives him or herself as dominating the other, and the intermittent nature of the abuse. This theory postulates that as these power relationships polarize over time, the powerless individual in the relationship becomes increasingly dependent on the dominator. In addition, moments in between abuse are times when positive displays of love and affection cement the legitimacy of the relationship.

Free Essays on Walt Whitmans Style

Walt Whitman was a follower of the two Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. He believed in Emerson and Thoreau’s Transcendentalist beliefs. Whitman believed that individualism stems from listening to one’s inner voice and that one’s life is guided by one’s intuition. Whitman lent himself to this concept of independence. He once said, â€Å"Everything on earth has the divine spark within and thus is all part of a whole.† This philosophy of individualism led to an optimistic emphasis on society. Because Whitman immodestly praised the human body and glorified the senses, â€Å"Walt Whitman’s poems assert the worth of the individual and the oneness of all humanity.† Whitman’s first poem in Leaves of Grass is called â€Å"Song of Myself†. In â€Å"Song of Myself† Whitman tells us that the absolute unity of matter and spirit, and all, which that unity involves, is the dominant conception of this first and most characteristic period. Whitman said, â€Å"The true poet is not the follower of beauty, but the august of beauty.† Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† was capable of making whoever withes to be so, wiser, happier, better; and it does these not by acting on the intellect, by telling us what is best for us, what we ought to do and avoid doing, but by acting directly on the moral nature itself, and elevating and purifying that. This also shows how he really believed in Transcendentalism, which stated strong intense individualism and self-reliance. He used the same theme in all of his poems throughout the book. Its almost seems as if he wrote the book just for one reason. That reason being how important every individual in the world is. In conclusion, I conclude that Whitman’s poems really do express his transcendental beliefs. I believe he really did try to assert the worth of the individual in all his poems. He used great similes and metaphors to pinpoint his beliefs. Also, his freque... Free Essays on Walt Whitmans Style Free Essays on Walt Whitmans Style Walt Whitman was a follower of the two Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. He believed in Emerson and Thoreau’s Transcendentalist beliefs. Whitman believed that individualism stems from listening to one’s inner voice and that one’s life is guided by one’s intuition. Whitman lent himself to this concept of independence. He once said, â€Å"Everything on earth has the divine spark within and thus is all part of a whole.† This philosophy of individualism led to an optimistic emphasis on society. Because Whitman immodestly praised the human body and glorified the senses, â€Å"Walt Whitman’s poems assert the worth of the individual and the oneness of all humanity.† Whitman’s first poem in Leaves of Grass is called â€Å"Song of Myself†. In â€Å"Song of Myself† Whitman tells us that the absolute unity of matter and spirit, and all, which that unity involves, is the dominant conception of this first and most characteristic period. Whitman said, â€Å"The true poet is not the follower of beauty, but the august of beauty.† Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† was capable of making whoever withes to be so, wiser, happier, better; and it does these not by acting on the intellect, by telling us what is best for us, what we ought to do and avoid doing, but by acting directly on the moral nature itself, and elevating and purifying that. This also shows how he really believed in Transcendentalism, which stated strong intense individualism and self-reliance. He used the same theme in all of his poems throughout the book. Its almost seems as if he wrote the book just for one reason. That reason being how important every individual in the world is. In conclusion, I conclude that Whitman’s poems really do express his transcendental beliefs. I believe he really did try to assert the worth of the individual in all his poems. He used great similes and metaphors to pinpoint his beliefs. Also, his freque...

Intelligence and Purpose, The Most Dangerous Combo Professor Ramos Blog

Intelligence and Purpose, The Most Dangerous Combo Hannibal Lecter is an American crime fiction serial killer based off a real-life surgeon named Alfredo Ballà ­ Trevià ±o. Well known for consuming his victims, or at least parts of them, Hannibal was also known as â€Å"Hannibal the Cannibal.† His character is portrayed and described throughout a series of films, including â€Å"Hannibal Rising† (2007), â€Å"Red Dragon† (2002), â€Å"The Silence of the Lambs† (1991), and â€Å"Hannibal† (2001). Set as the protagonist of this thriller genre series, Hannibal is a cannibalistic, psychopathic, and sociopathic psychiatrist that grew up in a wealthy family. For every gutsy viewer able to watch the series without going crazy, the question that typically boggles the mind is, â€Å"What drove a successful and highly intelligent psychiatrist towards cannibalizing and killing without guilt or remorse?† Hannibal is a fearful character well-rounded with qualities consisting of brilliant intelligence, e motionless, vengefulness, and charming while harboring indications of both a psychopathic and sociopathic nature. In this final essay, I will explain the subsequential line of events that took place during Hannibal’s life which ultimately symbolized and rationalized the monster contained within in association to Jeffrey Cohen’s â€Å"The Monster Culture.† In the year 1933, Hannibal Lecter was born in Lithuania to a wealthy aristocratic family of four. Hannibal was known as a sweet and caring little boy who had a strong and loving bond with his little sister, Mischa. However, upon entering World War II in 1941, everything he knew about life and the world changed. Despite attempting to escape the war’s collateral damage and becoming a casualty of war by hiding away in their family lodge on the outskirts of the city, this is where Hannibal witnessed both of his parents deaths. Besides him and his sister having survived an attack, the rest of his entire family died at the mercy of a Soviet tank right outside their family’s lodge. By eight years old, Hannibal was left to care for his two-year-old sister, Mischa. Shortly after his parents deaths, he and Mischa were kept captives by a group of war deserting Nazi soldiers who invaded their lodge. As winter approached, the Nazi soldiers were starving, too afraid to leave the lodg e’s safety zone and unable to find anything consumable. This was the moment Hannibal witnessed cannibalism without knowing what was actually happening. In a scene set by the fireplace in the film Hannibal Rising, Vladis Grutas, the leader of the Nazi deserters, bit off a chunk of a freshly caught bird and drank its blood with tremendous satisfaction while staring at young and innocent Hannibal and Mischa Lecter. Without guilt or remorse, Vladis calmly stated, We eat or die. Soon after, the Nazi soldiers turned their attention towards the two meaty children with ravening and voracious eyes. To survive, the Nazi deserters convinced themselves that it would be righteous to cannibalize Mischa since she was terribly sick and on death’s door. They took her outside, killed her, cooked her, and ate her. According to Monster Culture’s thesis five, the Monster Polices the Borders of the Possible, the Nazi soldiers crossed a thin line by committing an action outside of the cultural norm (Cohen 12). Whether for means of gratification or survival, the Nazis forced Hannibal to witness the murder and cannibalization of his sister. It was this historical moment that Hannibal had lost all humanitarianism and realized justice did not exist, which inadvertently instigated the dreadful monster that Hannibal would one day become. After witnessing the traumatizing events revolved around Mischa, Hannibal escaped and was brought to an orphanage which turned out to be his family’s wealthy estate. Naturally, he developed posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, and had nightmares of disturbing memories that awoke him on a nightly basis. Hannibal became temporarily mute with flashbacks of Mischa for the next eight years. According to the Multi-Health Systems article, PTSD is a person [that] must have had exposure to a traumatic event†¦ they must also show recurrent and persistent flashbacks, dreams or psychological reactions to any reminder of the traumatic event (Hare 1). In addition to PTSD, Hannibal was also bullied with other orphans teasing him due to his temporary mute state. Fortunately, by the age of sixteen, he managed to escape the miserable orphanage’s environment and, finding out he had a wealthy uncle in France, ventured onwards in hopes to live a better life. Upon arriving in France, Hannibal quickly learned of his uncle’s, Robert Lecter, passing and was left alone to live with his uncle’s mistress, Lady Murasaki. She welcomed Hannibal with open arms (Laurentiis, Dino De, et al). This opportunity was the beginning of Hannibal’s path towards fulfilling his vengeful purpose given the time and resources to nurture his internalized monster. Lady Murasaki taught Hannibal the Japanese culture and how to defend himself. He was also granted first-class education at his uncle’s estate where he excelled in academics and was the youngest admitted into a medical school in France. In medical school, he was mentored by Dr. Dumas through which his intelligence flourished at an alarming rate (Hannibal Wiki 1). Achieving academic greatness, he interned at John Hopkins Medical Center in Baltimore, Maryland, and soon after completed his highly knowledgeable medical degree. In following through his true and underlying vengeful int entions, Hannibal had obtained tools he yearned for with extensive knowledge of the human body’s anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnostics, and functionality. His incredible academic success was thanks to his detail-oriented and perfectionistic obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) personality. He remembered every minute detail of information, could calculate and strategize multiple steps ahead of his opponents and depict every element of a scenario. In time, he learned to submerge his emotions and hide away his psychotic and murderous intent simply to achieve his ultimate goals efficiently and effectively. Hannibal’s emotionless personality and perceptively believing that justice did not exist was triggered by Mischa’s murder. During the Nazi’s massacre of slaughtering the Jews, he had experienced the loss of his entire family. It was these chain of events that gave Hannibal the ability to have no guilt or reaction upon successfully killing those he believed to deserve it. At the age of 16, for example, he accomplished his first vengeful act by killing a butcher that rudely insulted his aunt at the food market. Besides an eerie smile upon his first murder by chopping off the butcher’s head, he showed absolutely no emotion or guilt. According to the Hannibal Wiki, Hannibal slices the victims cheeks and ate them, his first willful act of cannibalism (1). Hannibal’s horrendous action is a classic example of crossing over the line in association to Monster Culture’s thesis five, The Monster Polices the Borders of the Possible,† by doing inhumane things unacceptable in modern society (Cohen 12). More so, when taken to the police station for questioning in regards to the butcher death and his decapitated head’s whereabouts, Hannibal passed the lie detector machine’s test with ease and comfort. These were sure signs of a significantly fearful monster and beginnings of the relentless vengeful path. Experiencing how easy it was to get away with murder and secure his self-deserved justice, Hannibal set forth on fulfilling his vengeance. He started utilizing his popular â€Å"quid pro quo† concept by hunting down the Nazi soldiers, one by one, through exchanges of information. Once Hannibal obtained the information and material he needed through exchanges fully advantageous to himself, he cannibalized them. With each subsequent killing, Hannibal improved and fine-tuned his skills as a professional serial killer. As the monster within evolved to a greater being, the more openly displayed traits of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). His felt entitled ridding society of these unforgivable Nazis, lacking any empathy for those he victimized while increasing his confidence of admiration. The Psychology Today article states that the hallmarks of NPD are grandiosity, a lack of empathy for other people, and a need for admiration (1). Hannibal used the quid pro quo to rationali ze and outsmart his victims, displaying his superiority over them through multiple strategic angles, brute strength, and skillful coordination. He used phrases such as, Im better than you, Im the best, and I deserve nothing but the best, to construe and overtake his victims minds. In order to achieve his goals by any means necessary, Hannibal developed mastermind manipulating techniques over others through psychological tactics and hypnotic phrases which ultimately invaded his victims’ minds, conquered their mentality, and controlled their actions. To achieve his ulterior motives, however, Hannibal knew he had to develop methods that would lower his victim’s guard to simplify his manipulative techniques. He understood the ineffectiveness and low success rate associated with demanding and ordering people to do his bidding. Instead, Hannibal groomed his personality into a charming and seemingly trustworthy gentleman. He used to the best of his ability his intellect, attractiveness, and charisma to gain the trust of those around him. He developed this trait by spending an enormous amount of time with Lady Murasaki, learning a woman’s state of mind and delving into the respectable and honorable Japanese culture’s way of life. The Japanese people believe in working to the best ability in everything they do with the utmost discretion. Hannibal took full advantage of this opportunity, honing in on skills such as suppressing his emotions and rationalizing his actions through honorable feats, with ideas towards achi eving his goal of avenging his little sister. Compiling all these behaviors and factors into his one mind, Hannibal had cultivated an antisocial personality consisting of both psychopathic and sociopathic characteristics. Although there exist debates as to whether he should be labeled as one or the other, I believe he unorthodoxically fits both categories. According to John M. Grohol, a psychologist, â€Å"Psychopaths tends to be born – [it is] likely a genetic predisposition, while sociopaths tend to be made by their environment† (Psych Central 1). Both psychopaths and sociopaths have similar personality traits of deceit and manipulation. Psychopaths are perceived as charming and trustworthy, holding steady and normal jobs, and may even have a family with a loving partner. Hannibal was able to uphold a successful academic and social life while keeping his inner monstrosity deceptively hidden away. Sociopaths, on the contrary, are typically a product of their environment’s upbringing. They are unable to trus t easily, hold down long-term jobs, or maintain a normal relationship. Hannibal also falls under this category due to his sad and extremely difficult childhood along with his malevolent actions being a result of his environmental despair. Hannibal was not born a monster, he was made a monster. The complete product of his character is closely associated to the loss of family, the cannibalization of Mischa, losing his faith in God, and coming to the realization that there exists no real justice in this world. Although highly intellectual and considered a genius by some, he is a character unable to discern the difference of what the social norm is compared to his twisted monstrous world. Hannibal took strategic steps, such as attending medical school, spending quality time with Lady Murasaki, and studying under Dr. Dumas, to achieve his own form of justice. Jeffrey Weinstock eloquently describes that â€Å"When our monsters change, it reflects the fact that we our understanding of what it means to be human, our relations with one another and to the world around us, our conception of our place in the greater scheme of things have changed as well (Ashgate 276). Ultimately, our actions reflect upon the uniqueness of how we perceive things. Finally, this brings us back to the unanswered question which begs the question, â€Å"What drove Hannibal to become the monstrosity he is?† The answer is quite simple, which is that the little boy Hannibal died in 1994 out in the snow†¦ his heart died with Mischa†¦ what he is now, there is no word for it except†¦ monster† (Hare 1). Annotated Bibliography John M. Grohol, Psy. D. Differences Between a Psychopath vs Sociopath. Psych Central. Feb 12, 2015. Pp 1-2. https://psychcentral.com/blog/differences-between-a-psychopath-vs-sociopath/ This article talks about the similarity and the different traits of Psychopath and Sociopath. They both shared diagnosis such as antisocial personality disorder and have pervasive patterns. They are normal just like anyone else, but a psychopath can be trustworthy and hold a steady job compared to a sociopath, they are impulsive and are unable to hold a long-term job. This article is reliable because it was written by a Psychologists doctor. I will use this to help explain the difference between a psychopath and a sociopath. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. Monster Culture (Seven Theses). Reading culture. Pp.3-25 http://ls-tlss.ucl.ac.uk/course-materials/HARTG075_73436.pdf The Seven theses of Monster Culture help explains why someone or something is seen as a monstrous. Each thesis explains and defines a monster by different aspects of their appearance, character or representation. The article helps us understand the monster better. I will use some of the theses to examine Hannibal in my essay, which will clarify what cause Hannibal to become a monster. Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock. Invisible Monsters: Vision, Horror, and Contemporary Culture. Ashgate Research Companion. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Pp. 276 academia.edu/3865070/Invisible_Monsters_Vision_Horror_and_Contemporary_Culture This article Weinstock compare horror stories to define monstrosity. Weinstock also used Jeffery Cohen monster theory to define each of the serial killers in the horror stories.  Ã‚   Weinstock stated, When our monsters change, it reflects the fact that we- our understanding of what it means to be human, our relations with one another and to the world around us, our conception of our place in the greater scheme of things- have changed as well. In other word, our action reflects on our minds. I will use the quote to help understand monstrosity. This article is reliable because it was published in The Ashgate Research Companion. Hare, R. D. Well Hello, Clarice.-A Psychological Analysis of Hannibal Lecter. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, 2nd Edition. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems. July 2013. Pp 1-3 https://psychknow.wordpress.com/2013/07/22/hannibal-lecter-not-a-psychopath/ This article talks about how Hannibal Lecter is a cannibalistic serial killer and helps define the cause of how Hannibal Lecter is a monster. The article includes Hannibal cunning and manipulative nature, his diagnosis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and being examined as a psychopath. I will use this Psychopathy checklist in the Mental Health to verify my evidence of what causes Hannibal to become a monster. Hannibal Lecter. Hannibal Wiki. Pp 1-5 http://hannibal.wikia.com/wiki/Hannibal_Lecter Hannibal Wiki has a lot of information about Hannibal Lecter. It talks about his childhood to his career to how he got arrested. This information is from the novels of Hannibal Lecter and movies including The Silence of the Lambs, Hannibal, Red Dragon, and Hannibal Rising. Wiki also includes the numbers of victims had killed in his life to who escape. As stated, Hannibal did not kill for sexual or sadistic pleasure, [but] primary motives for murder were discourtesy, inferiority to himself, revenge and public service. He killed people who deserve to be killed and have no reaction upon killing it. I will use to help analysis Hannibal in the essay. Scott A. Bonn Ph.D. Our enduring Love affair with Dr. Hannibal Lecter. Psychology Today. March 2016. Pp. 1-2 https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201603/our-enduring-love-affair-dr-hannibal-lecter This article talks about how we are fascinated with the gruesome story, and that we see the serial killer as a thriller. Dr. Scott A. Bonn Ph.D. is a professor of sociology and criminology at Drew University stated that Dr. Lecters humanness makes him a much relatable and identifiable villain to the public than other one-dimensional monster characters in films. Hannibal is human like us, but because of emotionless, he is able to kill with no guilt. We fear what we might become so we do not act but rather watch what we can be. I will use this information in my essay. Laurentiis, Dino De, et al.  Hannibal Rising. The Weinstein Company, 2007. The film is about Hannibal Lecter childhood. The film help explain and see the reasoning why cannibalize his victim. I will use this to help refer to some scene I discuss in my essay. PhyslfansHotStar. â€Å"Hannibal Rising-We eat†¦ or Die.† Online video clip. Youtube. Youtub. 2012, May 29. Web. 2018, Aug 8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGROHxtQlVQ I am using this clip to help my viewer better understand the scene in my essay.

Research Paper PhD Level A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Paper PhD Level A - Essay Example Authentication procedures in the modern day rely extensively on electronic methods. A single sign-on solution allows end-users a secured authentication for access and usage of desktops, enterprise applications, electronic communications, administrative and operational tasks (â€Å"SECUDE IT Security,† 2008). Electronic authentication is the receiver of an electronic data message or data transaction that can assess and determine whether to accept or deny the user’s request. Preconfigured systems can force users to verify their authenticity prior to gaining access to the system or providing an electronic data transaction to another system. Electronic authentication assures confidence that user identities are processed safely, securely and reliably for the procedures of electronic communications to information systems (Burr, Dodson & Polk, 2006). Electronic authentication (E-authentication) presents an immense challenge in several scenarios, as the subsequent sections of this research will highlight. The process of electronic authentication is known to require several proof measures depending on the relative assurance of safety of the transaction, the reliability on the technology and the approach used, the legalities associated with the authentication parameters as well as the value of the transaction being made. Burr, Dodson & Polk (2006) best describes electronic authentication, Electronic authentication is the process of establishing confidence in user identities electronically presented to an information system. E-authentication presents a technical challenge when this process involves the remote authentication of individual people over a network, for the purpose of electronic government and commerce. Electronic authentication is still an emerging field that is witnessing the growth of newer and stronger authentication protocols aimed at outwitting the attempts of potential attackers. The increasingly remote use of authentication

Strategic Alliances the Right Way to Compete in the 21st Century Assignment

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